The mid-point transverse process to pleura (MTP) block: a new end-point for thoracic paravertebral block

Thoracic paravertebral block.

THORACIC paravertebral block (TPVB) is the technique of injecting local anesthetic adjacent to the thoracic vertebra close to where the spinal nerves emerge from the intervertebral foramina. This results in ipsilateral somatic and sympathetic nerve blockade in multiple contiguous thoracic dermatomes above and below the site of injection. It is effective in treating acute and chronic pain of uni...

Thoracic paravertebral nerve block.

Total Spinal Block after Thoracic Paravertebral Block.

Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) can be performed with or without general anaesthesia for various surgical procedures. TPVB is a popular anaesthetic technique due to its low side effect profile and high analgesic potency. We used 20 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine for a single injection of unilateral TPVB at the T7 level with neurostimulator in a 63 year old patient with co-morbid disease who und...

New Fixed Point Attacks on GOST2 Block Cipher

GOST block cipher designed in the 1970s and published in 1989 as the Soviet and Russian standard GOST 28147-89. In order to enhance the security of GOST block cipher after proposing various attacks on it, designers published a modified version of GOST, namely GOST2, in 2015 which has a new key schedule and explicit choice for S-boxes. In this paper, by using three exactly identical portions of ...

Paravertebral Block Plus Thoracic Wall Block versus Paravertebral Block Alone for Analgesia of Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Paravertebral block placement was the main anesthetic technique for modified radical mastectomy in our hospital until February 2014, when its combination with blocks targeting the pectoral musculature was initiated. We compared the analgesic effects of paravertebral blocks with or without blocks targeting the pectoral musculature for modified radical mastectomy. METH...